RADME.md 7.5 KB

黑板

用于存储行为树运行时数据,方便行为树获取和设置数据

UBlackboardData

作为 Blackboard 的资产,存储所有配置的数据的 Key,每个 Key 都是通过 FBlackboardEntry 来表示

UCLASS(BlueprintType, AutoExpandCategories=(Blackboard), MinimalAPI)
class UBlackboardData : public UDataAsset
{
	GENERATED_UCLASS_BODY()
	DECLARE_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_OneParam(FKeyUpdate, UBlackboardData* /*asset*/);
    
	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Parent)
	TObjectPtr<UBlackboardData> Parent;

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Blackboard)
	TArray<FBlackboardEntry> Keys;

private:
	UPROPERTY()
	uint32 bHasSynchronizedKeys : 1;

    // 其他工具函数
}

FBlackboardEntry 存储着 EntryName 表示显示名称,KeyType 存储着数据类型

KeyType 的类型是 UBlackboardKeyType

USTRUCT()
struct FBlackboardEntry
{
	GENERATED_USTRUCT_BODY()

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Blackboard)
	FName EntryName;

#if WITH_EDITORONLY_DATA
	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Blackboard, Meta=(ToolTip="Optional description to explain what this blackboard entry does."))
	FString EntryDescription;

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Blackboard)
	FName EntryCategory;
#endif // WITH_EDITORONLY_DATA

	/** key type and additional properties */
	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Instanced, Category=Blackboard)
	TObjectPtr<UBlackboardKeyType> KeyType;

	/** if set to true then this field will be synchronized across all instances of this blackboard */
	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Blackboard)
	uint32 bInstanceSynced : 1;

	FBlackboardEntry()
		: KeyType(nullptr), bInstanceSynced(0)
	{}

	AIMODULE_API bool operator==(const FBlackboardEntry& Other) const;
};

UBlackboardKeyType

UBlackboardKeyType 用于表示黑板属性的数值类型

class UBlackboardKeyType : public UObject
{
protected:
	uint16 ValueSize;                   // 该 KeyType 对应的数据占用内存大小
	TEnumAsByte<EBlackboardKeyOperation::Type> SupportedOp; // 该 KeyType 支持的操作类型
	uint8 bIsInstanced : 1;
	uint8 bCreateKeyInstance : 1;
public:
    // 其他工具函数
}

虽然这里显示的是 Bool、Int、String 等常见的数据类型,但是实际上并没有那么简单

因为 FString 的大小不固定,所以不知道 UBlackboardKeyType_StringValueSize

为了存储 FStringUBlackboardKeyType_String 直接定义了成员属性 FString StringValue,并且设置 bCreateKeyInstance = true

UBlackboardKeyType_String::UBlackboardKeyType_String(const FObjectInitializer& ObjectInitializer) : Super(ObjectInitializer)
{
	ValueSize = 0;
	bCreateKeyInstance = true;

	SupportedOp = EBlackboardKeyOperation::Text;
}

bCreateKeyInstance 的作用,参考 UBTNodebCreateKeyInstance,表示是否需要实例化新的 UBlackboardType 对象

UBlackboardKeyType_String 每次都会实例化一个新的对象出来

每个类都有自己的 GetValueSetValue 静态函数

static AIMODULE_API float GetValue(const UBlackboardKeyType_Float* KeyOb, const uint8* RawData);
static AIMODULE_API bool SetValue(UBlackboardKeyType_Float* KeyOb, uint8* RawData, float Value);

UBlackboardKeyType_Float 的示例

UBTNode 类型,获取 或者 设置 一个 UBlackboardKeyType 会传入 对应的对象 和 地址

UBlackboardComponent 中存在一个连续的内存空间,用于存储 Balckboard 中对应项的具体数据内容

因为每个 UBlackboardKeyType 的 ValueSize 都是确定的,那么每个 UBlackboardKeyType 在连续内存中的地址偏移也是固定的,可以通过地址偏移计算得到数据的原始地址,也就是 RowData

float UBlackboardKeyType_Float::GetValue(const UBlackboardKeyType_Float* KeyOb, const uint8* RawData)
{
	return GetValueFromMemory<float>(RawData);
}

template<typename T>
static T GetValueFromMemory(const uint8* MemoryBlock)
{
    return *((T*)MemoryBlock);
}

UBlackboardKeyType_Float 为例

如果 bCreateKeyInstance 为 true,那么会为每个 UBlackboardKeyType 都创建一个新的对象出来,无需计算地址偏移

FString UBlackboardKeyType_String::GetValue(const UBlackboardKeyType_String* KeyOb, const uint8* RawData)
{
	return KeyOb->StringValue;
}

UBlackboardKeyType_String 为例

通常将 UBlackboardKeyTypeSupportOp 分为三三种

  • Basic 表示支持最基本的操作:相等性判断(Equal/Not Equal)和赋值操作(Set Value)
  • Arithmetic 表示支持数学运算:加/减/乘/除等算术操作,以及大小比较(Greater/Less等)
  • Text 表示支持字符串操作:包含/匹配/连接等文本处理

为了支持 CompareValues 操作,相等性判断是通过重写 CompareValues 来实现的

EBlackboardCompare::Type UBlackboardKeyType_String::CompareValues(const UBlackboardComponent& OwnerComp, const uint8* MemoryBlock,
	const UBlackboardKeyType* OtherKeyOb, const uint8* OtherMemoryBlock) const
{
	const FString MyValue = GetValue(this, MemoryBlock);
	const FString OtherValue = GetValue((UBlackboardKeyType_String*)OtherKeyOb, OtherMemoryBlock);

	return MyValue.Equals(OtherValue) ? EBlackboardCompare::Equal : EBlackboardCompare::NotEqual;
}

为了支持 Arithmetic 操作,比较值的大小是通过重写 TestArithmeticOperation 来实现的

bool UBlackboardKeyType_Int::TestArithmeticOperation(const UBlackboardComponent& OwnerComp, const uint8* MemoryBlock, EArithmeticKeyOperation::Type Op, int32 OtherIntValue, float OtherFloatValue) const
{
	const int32 Value = GetValue(this, MemoryBlock);
	switch (Op)
	{
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::Equal:			return (Value == OtherIntValue);
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::NotEqual:			return (Value != OtherIntValue);
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::Less:				return (Value < OtherIntValue);
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::LessOrEqual:		return (Value <= OtherIntValue);
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::Greater:			return (Value > OtherIntValue);
	case EArithmeticKeyOperation::GreaterOrEqual:	return (Value >= OtherIntValue);
	default: break;
	}

	return false;
}

为了支持 Text 操作,字符串处理是通过重写 TestTextOperation 函数来实现的

bool UBlackboardKeyType_Name::TestTextOperation(const UBlackboardComponent& OwnerComp, const uint8* MemoryBlock, ETextKeyOperation::Type Op, const FString& OtherString) const
{
	const FString Value = GetValue(this, MemoryBlock).ToString();
	switch (Op)
	{
	case ETextKeyOperation::Equal:			return (Value == OtherString);
	case ETextKeyOperation::NotEqual:		return (Value != OtherString);
	case ETextKeyOperation::Contain:		return (Value.Contains(OtherString) == true);
	case ETextKeyOperation::NotContain:		return (Value.Contains(OtherString) == false);
	default: break;
	}

	return false;
}
类型 实际类型 SupportedOp ValueSize
Bool UBlackboardKeyType_Bool Basic sizeof(uint8)
Class UBlackboardKeyType_Class Basic sizeof(TWeakObjectPtr)
Object UBlackboardKeyType_Object Basic sizeof(FWeakObjectPtr)
Rotator UBlackboardKeyType_Rotator Basic sizeof(FRotator)
Vector UBlackboardKeyType_Vector Basic sizeof(FVector)
Enum UBlackboardKeyType_Enum Arithmetic sizeof(FDataType)
Float UBlackboardKeyType_Float Arithmetic sizeof(float)
Int UBlackboardKeyType_Int Arithmetic sizeof(int32)
Name UBlackboardKeyType_Name Text sizeof(FName)
String UBlackboardKeyType_String Text 0