feat: 新增兼容性 和 less 的使用

前端/Webpack/README.md

@@ -297,3 +297,152 @@ e.exports = function(e) {
 
 ![](Image/006.png)
 
+可能会用 `less`、`sass`、`stylus` 的预处理器来编写 css 样式，效率更高，那么如何支持呢？
+
+以 `less` 为例，想要将 `less` 转为 `css`，需要使用 less 这个库。想要解析 `less` 需要使用使用 `less-loader` 库
+
+> `less-loader` 的执行需要 `less`, 所以两个库都要安装
+
+所以需要执行以下代码
+
+```bash
+npm install less less-loader -D
+```
+
+那么根据流水线操作，针对 `.less` 结尾的文件，需要首先使用 `less-loader` 将其转为 `css`，然后使用 `css-loader` 解析，最后使用 `style-loader` 插入到界面中
+
+所以最终得到 `less` 的 `rule` 内容如下
+
+```js
+{
+    test: /\.less$/,
+    use: [
+        "style-loader",
+        "css-loader",
+        "less-loader"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+> 记得 `rule` 不同的等效写法吗
+
+### 浏览器兼容性
+
+针对不同的浏览器支持的特性，比如 css 特性、js 语法等，会导致各种兼容性问题
+
+那么某个功能如果存在兼容性问题，是否需要针对这个功能对不同的浏览器做特殊处理呢？很多情况都是根据浏览器的市场占有率来决定的
+
+[caniuse](https://caniuse.com/usage-table) 是一个判断某些功能能否使用的网站，其在 `usage-table` 界面中提供了市场占有率
+
+![](Image/007.png)
+
+很多项目存在 `.browserslistrc` 文件，内容可能如下
+
+```bash
+> 1%
+last 2 versions
+not dead
+```
+
+这里的 `> 1%` 就是指市场占有率大于 1%，根据当前运行的浏览器的版本，查找 `caniuse` 网站中的占有率，进而判断是否需要支持
+
+通过 `Browserslist` 工具来共享兼容性配置给其他工具(`babel`、`autoprefixer`等)使用
+
+`Browserslist` 是一个在不同的前端工具之间，共项**目标浏览器**和**Node.js**版本的配置
+
+上述例子有一个叫 `not dead` 的配置，译为没有死亡的。 `Browserslist` 对 `dead` 的定义是 24 个月内没有官方支持或更新的浏览器
+
+上述例子有一个叫 `last 2 versions` 的配置，表示每个浏览器的最后 2 个版本。比如 `last 2 Chrome versions` 就是 Chrome 浏览器最近的两个版本
+
+除此之外，还有针对 node 的版本规则、针对指定平台浏览器的规则、支持特定功能浏览器的规则 等
+
+首先通过 `npm` 安装 `browserslist`
+
+```bash
+npm install browserslist -D
+```
+
+然后就可以使用 `browserslist` 查询支持的浏览器了
+
+```bash
+cmd: npx browserslist ">1%, last 2 versions, not dead"
+
+and_chr 132
+and_ff 132
+and_qq 14.9
+and_uc 15.5
+android 132
+chrome 132
+chrome 131
+chrome 109
+edge 132
+edge 131
+firefox 134
+firefox 133
+ios_saf 18.3
+ios_saf 18.2
+ios_saf 18.1
+ios_saf 17.6-17.7
+kaios 3.0-3.1
+kaios 2.5
+op_mini all
+op_mob 80
+opera 114
+opera 113
+safari 18.3
+safari 18.2
+samsung 27
+samsung 26
+```
+
+> 在命令中 `,` 等价于 `or` 也就是只要满足其中一个条件即可
+
+```bash
+cmd: npx browserslist ">1% and last 2 versions and not dead"
+and_chr 132
+chrome 132
+chrome 131
+edge 132
+edge 131
+firefox 134
+ios_saf 18.2
+op_mob 80
+samsung 27
+```
+
+> 在命令中 and 表示所有条件必须全部满足才行
+
+那么如何在项目中进行配置呢？
+
+- 通过在 `package.json` 中新增 `browserslist` 属性进行配置，其他工具会根据该配置自动适配
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "01",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    // ..
+  },
+  "keywords": [],
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    // ..
+  },
+  "browserslist": [
+    ">1%",
+    "last 2 version",
+    "not dead",
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+- 通过新增 `.browserslistrc` 文件，进行配置
+
+```
+>1%"
+last 2 version"
+not dead"
+```

前端/Webpack/src/03/package-lock.json

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "license": "ISC",
       "devDependencies": {
+        "browserslist": "^4.24.4",
         "css-loader": "^7.1.2",
+        "less": "^4.2.2",
+        "less-loader": "^12.2.0",
         "sass": "^1.84.0",
         "sass-loader": "^16.0.4",
         "style-loader": "^4.0.0",
@@ -820,6 +823,18 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-GpVkmM8vF2vQUkj2LvZmD35JxeJOLCwJ9cUkugyk2nuhbv3+mJvpLYYt+0+USMxE+oj+ey/lJEnhZw75x/OMcQ==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/copy-anything": {
+      "version": "2.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/copy-anything/-/copy-anything-2.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1j20GZTsvKNkc4BY3NpMOM8tt///wY3FpIzozTOFO2ffuZcV61nojHXVKIy3WM+7ADCy5FVhdZYHYDdgTU0yJw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-what": "^3.14.1"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/mesqueeb"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
       "version": "7.0.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
@@ -925,6 +940,19 @@
         "node": ">=4"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/errno": {
+      "version": "0.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/errno/-/errno-0.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dJ6oBr5SQ1VSd9qkk7ByRgb/1SH4JZjCHSW/mr63/QcXO9zLVxvJ6Oy13nio03rxpSnVDDjFor75SjVeZWPW/A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "prr": "~1.0.1"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "errno": "cli.js"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/es-module-lexer": {
       "version": "1.6.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/es-module-lexer/-/es-module-lexer-1.6.0.tgz",
@@ -1106,6 +1134,19 @@
         "node": ">= 0.4"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/iconv-lite": {
+      "version": "0.6.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.6.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4fCk79wshMdzMp2rH06qWrJE4iolqLhCUH+OiuIgU++RB0+94NlDL81atO7GX55uUKueo0txHNtvEyI6D7WdMw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/icss-utils": {
       "version": "5.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/icss-utils/-/icss-utils-5.1.0.tgz",
@@ -1118,6 +1159,19 @@
         "postcss": "^8.1.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/image-size": {
+      "version": "0.5.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/image-size/-/image-size-0.5.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6TDAlDPZxUFCv+fuOkIoXT/V/f3Qbq8e37p+YOiYrUv3v9cc3/6x78VdfPgFVaB9dZYeLUfKgHRebpkm/oP2VQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "image-size": "bin/image-size.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/immutable": {
       "version": "5.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/immutable/-/immutable-5.0.3.tgz",
@@ -1212,6 +1266,12 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/is-what": {
+      "version": "3.14.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/is-what/-/is-what-3.14.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sNxgpk9793nzSs7bA6JQJGeIuRBQhAaNGG77kzYQgMkrID+lS6SlK07K5LaptscDlSaIgH+GPFzf+d75FVxozA==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
     "node_modules/isexe": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/isexe/-/isexe-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1262,6 +1322,58 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/less": {
+      "version": "4.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/less/-/less-4.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tkuLHQlvWUTeQ3doAqnHbNn8T6WX1KA8yvbKG9x4VtKtIjHsVKQZCH11zRgAfbDAXC2UNIg/K9BYAAcEzUIrNg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "copy-anything": "^2.0.1",
+        "parse-node-version": "^1.0.1",
+        "tslib": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "lessc": "bin/lessc"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "errno": "^0.1.1",
+        "graceful-fs": "^4.1.2",
+        "image-size": "~0.5.0",
+        "make-dir": "^2.1.0",
+        "mime": "^1.4.1",
+        "needle": "^3.1.0",
+        "source-map": "~0.6.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/less-loader": {
+      "version": "12.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/less-loader/-/less-loader-12.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MYUxjSQSBUQmowc0l5nPieOYwMzGPUaTzB6inNW/bdPEG9zOL3eAAD1Qw5ZxSPk7we5dMojHwNODYMV1hq4EVg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 18.12.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/webpack"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@rspack/core": "0.x || 1.x",
+        "less": "^3.5.0 || ^4.0.0",
+        "webpack": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@rspack/core": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "webpack": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/loader-runner": {
       "version": "4.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/loader-runner/-/loader-runner-4.3.0.tgz",
@@ -1283,6 +1395,30 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/make-dir": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/make-dir/-/make-dir-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LS9X+dc8KLxXCb8dni79fLIIUA5VyZoyjSMCwTluaXA0o27cCK0bhXkpgw+sTXVpPy/lSO57ilRixqk0vDmtRA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "pify": "^4.0.1",
+        "semver": "^5.6.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "5.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/merge-stream": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/merge-stream/-/merge-stream-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1303,6 +1439,19 @@
         "node": ">=8.6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/mime": {
+      "version": "1.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mime/-/mime-1.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-x0Vn8spI+wuJ1O6S7gnbaQg8Pxh4NNHb7KSINmEWKiPE4RKOplvijn+NkmYmmRgP68mc70j2EbeTFRsrswaQeg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "mime": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/mime-db": {
       "version": "1.52.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz",
@@ -1342,6 +1491,23 @@
         "node": "^10 || ^12 || ^13.7 || ^14 || >=15.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/needle": {
+      "version": "3.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/needle/-/needle-3.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6k0YULvhpw+RoLNiQCRKOl09Rv1dPLr8hHnVjHqdolKwDrdNyk+Hmrthi4lIGPPz3r39dLx0hsF5s40sZ3Us4Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "iconv-lite": "^0.6.3",
+        "sax": "^1.2.4"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "needle": "bin/needle"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 4.4.x"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/neo-async": {
       "version": "2.6.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/neo-async/-/neo-async-2.6.2.tgz",
@@ -1397,6 +1563,15 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/parse-node-version": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/parse-node-version/-/parse-node-version-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3YHlOa/JgH6Mnpr05jP9eDG254US9ek25LyIxZlDItp2iJtwyaXQb57lBYLdT3MowkUFYEV2XXNAYIPlESvJlA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/path-exists": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/path-exists/-/path-exists-4.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1440,6 +1615,16 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/pify": {
+      "version": "4.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pify/-/pify-4.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uB80kBFb/tfd68bVleG9T5GGsGPjJrLAUpR5PZIrhBnIaRTQRjqdJSsIKkOP6OAIFbj7GOrcudc5pNjZ+geV2g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/pkg-dir": {
       "version": "4.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pkg-dir/-/pkg-dir-4.2.0.tgz",
@@ -1558,6 +1743,13 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-1NNCs6uurfkVbeXG4S8JFT9t19m45ICnif8zWLd5oPSZ50QnwMfK+H3jv408d4jw/7Bttv5axS5IiHoLaVNHeQ==",
       "dev": true
     },
+    "node_modules/prr": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/prr/-/prr-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yPw4Sng1gWghHQWj0B3ZggWUm4qVbPwPFcRG8KyxiU7J2OHFSoEHKS+EZ3fv5l1t9CyCiop6l/ZYeWbrgoQejw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true
+    },
     "node_modules/punycode": {
       "version": "2.3.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/punycode/-/punycode-2.3.1.tgz",
@@ -1671,6 +1863,13 @@
         }
       ]
     },
+    "node_modules/safer-buffer": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YZo3K82SD7Riyi0E1EQPojLz7kpepnSQI9IyPbHHg1XXXevb5dJI7tpyN2ADxGcQbHG7vcyRHk0cbwqcQriUtg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true
+    },
     "node_modules/sass": {
       "version": "1.84.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/sass/-/sass-1.84.0.tgz",
@@ -1731,6 +1930,13 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/sax": {
+      "version": "1.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/sax/-/sax-1.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+aWOz7yVScEGoKNd4PA10LZ8sk0A/z5+nXQG5giUO5rprX9jgYsTdov9qCchZiPIZezbZH+jRut8nPodFAX4Jg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "optional": true
+    },
     "node_modules/schema-utils": {
       "version": "3.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/schema-utils/-/schema-utils-3.3.0.tgz",
@@ -2001,6 +2207,12 @@
         "node": ">=8.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tslib": {
+      "version": "2.8.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/tslib/-/tslib-2.8.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
     "node_modules/undici-types": {
       "version": "6.20.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/undici-types/-/undici-types-6.20.0.tgz",

前端/Webpack/src/03/package.json

@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
+    "browserslist": "^4.24.4",
     "css-loader": "^7.1.2",
+    "less": "^4.2.2",
+    "less-loader": "^12.2.0",
     "sass": "^1.84.0",
     "sass-loader": "^16.0.4",
     "style-loader": "^4.0.0",

前端/Webpack/src/03/src/css/component.less

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+@fontSize: 50px;
+@fontWeight: 700;
+
+.content {
+    font-size: @fontSize;
+    font-weight: @fontWeight;
+}

前端/Webpack/src/03/src/util/component.js

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import "../css/index.css"
 // import "style-loader!css-loader!../css/index.css"
 
+import "../css/component.less"
+
 function createElement()
 {
     const element = document.createElement('div');

前端/Webpack/src/03/webpack.config.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 const path = require("path")
+const loader = require("sass-loader")
 
 module.exports = {
     entry: "./src/index.js",
@@ -13,9 +14,17 @@ module.exports = {
                 use: [
                     { loader: 'style-loader' },
                     { loader: 'css-loader' },
-                    // { loader: 'sass-loader' },
+                    { loader: 'sass-loader' },
                 ],
             },
+            {
+                test: /\.less$/,
+                use: [
+                    "style-loader",
+                    "css-loader",
+                    "less-loader"
+                ]
+            }
         ],
     },
 }